Fuel Research Institute of South Africa (FRI) Collection
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The Fuel Research Institute of South Africa is the outcome of a movement which originated in the immediate post war years. The war period had emphasized the dependence of the modem State on adequate supplies of fuel and focused public attention on the need for conserving these supplies and utilizing them to the best advantage. It began to be more generally realized that the application of science to the fuel problem had resulted in the development of more economical methods of utilizing coal and in the recovery there from of valuable industrial raw materials; that the discovery or development of an internal source of liquid fuel or oil would be of immense advantage to the country; that the industrial and mining development of the Union was dependent on the development of cheap sources of energy; and that the Union's exportable coal resources were a means of bringing capital into the country.
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Item The analysis of oils from the hydrogenation and supercritical gas extraction(1976) Kershaw, JRThe oils from dynamic and static hydrogenation, supercritical gas extraction and soxhlet extraction were separated into a number of fractions by absorption chromatography on silica-gel. The fractions from this chromatographic separation were investigated by ultra-violet and infra-red spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The chemical nature of the compounds are discusses, and compared and contrasted between the various processes.Item Appraisal of the method of determining micro-hardness by means of the Reichert micro-hardness tester(1972) Gaigher, JLDuring tests on the characteristics of magnetites use was made of the Reichert Micro-Hardness Tester.Item Beneficiation of fine coal in the republic of South Africa(1977) Fourie, PJF; Erasmus, TCThe beneficiation of minus 0,5 mm coal in the Republic of South Africa is reviewed in terms of the availability of fines, the formidability of its cleaning, froth flotation, autogenous cyclones, tables, and dense medium cyclones.Item The carbonization of coal and the production of coke, Char, Gas, and by-products in South Africa up to 1972(1974) Mullier, EFEThis report gives a reflection of the carbonization of coal and the production of metallurgical coke, gas coke, char, gas, and by-products in South Africa during the period 1915 to 1972. Data prior to 1954 is relatively incomplete, but from 1954 onward fairly detailed information given.Item Catalytic coal hydrogenation zinc slimes(1977) Davidtz, JC; Gray, DThe selection and utilization of South African raw materials as catalysts in coal conversion depend on the availability of catalysts. Equally important is the -selectivity and activity of these materials for coal conversion.Item Char production from bank coal for gas producer(1975) Myburhg, JJIn August 1974, it was requested by the Combustion Department to produce a suitable char for use in their gas producer. It was decided to use Bank coal. The coal was washed at the Coal Preparation Pilot Plant on 19th Jul½ 1974 at a relative density of 1,475 to reduce the ash content in the final product to 11%. The coal was charred in the Institute's Rotary Carbonizer, i.e. Pancake oven, at the Pilot Plant.Item The COED process - A review(1978) Gray, DThe COED-process, a fluidized-bed pyrolysis coal conversion technique, is described in considerable detail. Using Illinois 6 coal as feedstock for the process, the coal is taken through the pyrolysis stages to produce a raw pyrolysis oil. This oil is then filtered and hydrotreated to produce a synthetic crude oil - a syncrude. Further downstream processing of this syncrude is analyzed to produce a final hydrotreated and hydrocracked product capable of being used as a synthetic jet or motor fuel. This is the first of a series of reports intended to assess the worth of coal conservation process currently under development. This example is chosen because it is the only coal pyrolysis process where sufficient data are available in the literature for any sort of realistic evaluation.Item Combustion tests on Natal ammonium washed nuts and middlings(1967) Van Doornum, GAWThe object of the tests was to compare the relative effectiveness of these fuels and to observe any ash content and the presence of a high proportion of dull material.Item A comparison of the percentage volatile matter determined on different sizes of coal(1946) Quass, FW; Coetzee, SDVolatile determinations were carried out on nut and powdered coal samples in an electric muffle furnace.Item A computer programme for evaluating the dust burden of dust-laden gases flowing in large ducts(1973) Erasmus, TCSince the conditions in the duct can vary, the data are recorded at the beginning, middle and end the sampling period for each sampling point.Item A criterion of classification of piston operated machines with prticular reference to Hydraulic piston pumps(1975) Bonapace, ACThis presentation fairly sums up the possibilities and the limitations of the present manufacturing technology of these as industrial products.Item Crushing of Vereeniging coal to one and a half inches top size(1952) Van der Walt, PJThe run-of-mine coal is to be broken in such a manner that 55% of it has a top size 1 half inches and that the ratio between top and bottom size does not exceed 5 to 1.Item A description of the delayed coking apparatus(1973) Erasmus, TCThis report discusses an investigation conducted by the Fuel Research Institute to construct a small-scale version of the delayed-coking apparatus, and study the fundamentals involved and the essential features that characterize the delayed-coking process.Item Determination of the abrasiveness of coal with the apparatus of Yancey, Geer and Price(1976) Bonapace, AC; Du Toit, PThis report aims to investigate coal in its various stages of mechanical handling during the processes of winning, preparation and utilization, and how it causes wear of the metal surfaces with which it makes contact. And presents basic information for the possible drafting of a standard for determining abrasiveness.Item Diffusion of gases through coal(1958) Sevenster, PGIt was found necessary to conduct the investigation described in this paper when information on diffusion coefficients of some strongly adsorbed gases was required in the course of other studies on coal at the Institute.Item The dual fuel operation of a diesel engine, using ethyl alcohol as the secondary fuel(1977) Heim, FO; Clark, DIn view of the desire to conserve oil products, it was decided to attempt to use ethyl alcohol in the place of petrol in a duel-fuel operated diesel engine. Apart from the change of fuel, test conditions have been as described in Report No. 51 of 1977 - 'Reducing fuel consumption and smoke emission of diesel engines'.Item The effect of preheating on the coking propensity of coking coals(1963) Muller, EFEThe aim of this investigation is to examine at least two other coking coals which, however, differ appreciably in their coking properties as determined in the laboratory.Item The effect of variations in the moisture content on the float and sink analysis of large coal(1951) Van Eck, B; Savage, WHDIn the present investigation samples of approximately cobble sized coal from five typical collieries in the major coal fields were taken.Item Evaluation of the reactivity of low temperature coke and char, containing volatile matter, towards carbon dioxide Part 1(1978) Von Woff, WTEIn the last few years there has been a growing interest in the reactivity of low temperature coke and char towards carbon dioxide. The equation of Hedden, derived for the calculation of the reactivity of metallurgical coke containing negligible amounts of volatile matter, was modified so that it could be employed for low temperature coke and chars with high volatile matter contents. In this present report newly-derived equations are presented for cases where the reductants contain volatile matter. For this, as well as other cases where the reductants contain little or no volatile matter, provision was made for dilution of carbon-dioxide with nitrogen.Item Fluorescence spectroscopy in the characterisations of coal-derived liquids(1977) Kershaw, JRThe use of fluorescence spectroscopy as a qualitative analytical technique for the analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in coal-derived liquids is reported.