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Browsing Research Publications/Outputs by Author "Karsten, AE"

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Artificial vesicles with incorporated photosynthetic materials for potential solar energy conversion systems

Author: Smit, Jacoba E ; Grobler, AF ; Karsten, AE ; Sparrow, RW Date: Jul 2009 Currently the primary source of energy for industrial and domestic use is based on fossil fuels. The supplies of these fuels are limited and are becoming depleted. Thus there is a search for alternative and more sustainable energy sources. ... Read more
Comparative attenuation spectra of liquid skin-like phantoms

Author: Singh, A ; Smit, Jacoba E ; Karsten, AE ; Grobler, AF ; Sparrow, RW Date: Sep 2010 This study aims to extract and compare attenuation coefficients of different liquid skin-like phantoms representing Skin Types 1 to V1 with two methods, Spectrophotometric and Integrating Sphere methods. The correlation between the results ... Read more
Determination of optical properties of tissue and other bio-materials

Author: Singh, A ; Karsten, AE ; Dam, JS Date: Nov 2008 The optical properties namely the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of porcine skin were determined using an integrating sphere setup and a multiple polynomial regression method. The absorption coefficient was found to be 0.44±0.06 ... Read more
Determination of the optical properties of PNIPAAm gels used in biological applications

Author: Singh, A ; Karsten, AE ; Mputle, I ; Chetty, A ; Naidoo, Kersch Date: Jul 2009 Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) that is PNIPAAm is a temperature sensitive smart material which displays a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 33-35oC. At the lower critical solution temperature, the gel changes from hydrophilic to ... Read more
Determination of the optical properties of rat tissue

Author: Singh, A ; Karsten, AE ; Smith, RM Date: Jan 2010 Non-invasive methods offer a great advantage over more conventional medical methods but many studies need to be done before such methods become easily accessible and usable. Many of these non-invasive methods are dependant on the interaction ... Read more
Effect of skin tumor properties on laser penetration

Author: Karsten, AE ; Singh, A Date: Jun 2009 Computer modeling can be a valuable tool to determine the absorption of laser light in different skin layers. For this study, the optical properties of three different skin tumors were used in the model to evaluate the effect on penetration ... Read more
Effect of wavelength, epidermal thickness and skin type on the required dose for photodynamic therapy

Author: Karsten, AE Date: Oct 2008 The wide spread use of lasers as a treatment modality emphasized the need that users are aware of the parameters that effect the dose applied during treatment. The results presented show the importance to know the optical parameters (absorption, ... Read more
Experimental verification and validation of a computer model for light–tissue interaction

Author: Karsten, AE ; Singh, A ; Braun, MW Date: Apr 2011 Laser light is frequently used in both diagnostics and treatment of patients. For any laser treatment to be effective it is important to deliver the correct dose at the treatment site. Human skin scatters and absorbs laser light in the visible ... Read more
Human tissue optical properties measurements and light propagation modelling

Author: Dam, JS ; Sighn, S ; Karsten, AE Date: Jul 2006 Biomedical Optics is the study of the optical properties of living biological material, especially its scattering and absorption characteristics, and their significance to light propagation within the material. Determination of tissue optical ... Read more
Influence of beam shape on in-vitro cellular transformations in human skin fibroblasts

Author: Mthunzi-Kufa, Patience ; Forbes, A ; Hawkins, D ; Abrahamse, H ; Karsten, AE Date: 2005 A variety of strategies have been utilised for prevention and treatment of chronic wounds such as leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores1. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been reported to be an invaluable tool in the enhancement ... Read more
Influence of laser beam shape on in-vitro cellular and molecular transformations in human skin fibroblasts

Author: Mthunzi-Kufa, Patience ; Forbes, A ; Hawkins, D ; Abrahamse, H ; Karsten, AE Date: Jul 2006 A variety of strategies have been utilised for prevention and treatment of chronic wounds such as leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been reported to be an invaluable tool in the enhancement ... Read more
Influence of variation in melanin content on absorbance spectra of liquid skin phantoms

Author: Smit, Jacoba E ; Karsten, AE ; Grobler, AF ; Sparrow, RW Date: Sep 2010 This presentation looked at the influence of variation in melanin content on absorbance spectra of liquid skin phantoms. Reasons for studying melanin, plus skin pigments, melanocytes, melanosomes, and melanin in particular, are discussed. The ... Read more
Liposomes as a drug delivery system in photodynamic therapy for colon cancer treatment

Author: Maduray, K ; Karsten, AE Date: Jan 2010 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a drug termed a photosensitizer (PS), light (laser) of an appropriate wavelength and molecular oxygen (tissue) to elicit cell death of cancer cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enhancement ... Read more
Measurement of diffuse and specular reflections through single cell layers

Author: Karsten, AE ; Dam, JS ; Singh, A Date: Jul 2006 The poster includes the background of biophotonics group; determination of tissue optical properties; optical properties, diagnostic window, scattering elements and integrating sphere measurements; experimental techniques; phantom and cells; ... Read more
Modelling and verification of melanin concentration on human skin type

Author: Karsten, AE ; Smit, Jacoba E Date: Mar 2012 Lasers are used in the minimalistic or noninvasive diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. Less laser light reaches the deeper skin layers in dark skin types, due to its higher epidermal melanin concentration compared with lighter skin. ... Read more
Optical coherence tomography as a diagnostic tool

Author: Singh, A ; Karsten, AE Date: Jul 2011 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has been used in biomedical applications as a method to non-invasively detect changes occurring in tissue such as the detection of skin cancer. The effect of skin tone on detection of skin cancer has however ... Read more
Optical coherence tomography as a research tool for biomaterials

Author: Karsten, AE ; Singh, A ; Ndhundhuma, I Date: Jan 2010 In this study a commercial FD-OCT (Model OCM1300SS) by Thorlabs Inc., USA was used. This system has the following performance specifications: 1300nm centre operating wavelength, a 110nm 3dB spectral bandwidth, transverse spatial air resolution ... Read more
A physical model of laser-assisted blocking of blood flow: I. Rectangular radiation pulses

Author: Zheltov, GI ; Astafyeva, LG ; Karsten, AE Date: Mar 2007 A method for the calculation of blocking of blood flow upon treatment of vessel pathologies by laser irradiation at a wavelength of 530 nm are considered. The model is based on the assumption that blood-vessel occlusion is a consequence of ... Read more
Physical Model of Laser-Assisted Blocking of Blood Flow: II. Pulse Modulation of Radiation

Author: Zheltov, GI ; Astafyeva, LG ; Karsten, AE Date: Mar 2007 A method for the calculation of blocking of blood flow upon treatment of vessel pathologies by laser irradiation at a wavelength of 530 nm are considered. The model is based on the assumption that bloodvessel occlusion is a consequence of ... Read more
Predicting human epidermal melanin concentrations for different skin tones

Author: Smit, Jacoba E ; Karsten, AE ; Sparrow, RW Date: Jul 2011 In the past 50 years lasers has found numerous applications in medicine. One of their advantages is their use for minimalistic or non-invasive diagnosis and treatment. Often that means light penetration through skin and the correct dose ... Read more

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