Research Publications/Outputs

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Utilization of solar energy in South Africa
(Hortos Ltd, 1953-04) Whillier, A
Design curves based on measurements of solar irradiation in South Africa are presented for two geographic areas, the highveld and the Cape Peninsula, giving data on the amount of thermal energy that can be collected from the sun by use of flat-plate solar energy collectors. A brief description of solar collectors and discussion of some of the fundamental aspects of solar energy utilization are included. An example is given to show the design curves may be used to determine the surface area of a solar collector required for a given application. Cost figures are presented which indicate, as an example, that solar energy can be used to provide the domestic hot water supply for a private residence at a cost less than can be realised with conventional coal-burning, oil-burning, or electronic systems.
CSIR Annual report 1961
(CSIR, 1961) CSIR
In the presentation of this report, attention is directed to the research services provided by the Council for industry, local authorities, provincial administrations and government departments.
New species of Pseudagrion ( Odonata: Zygoptera) with descriptions of the larvae of five other species belonging to the genus
(1962) Chutter, FM
In the course of an ecological survey of the macro-invertebrate fauna of the stream and rivers in the catchment of the Vaal Dam the author found a new species of Pseudagrion which is described here. The author’s colleagues, engaged in similar work in other parts of South Africa, have been gracious enough to collect Pseudagrion larvae for him.
New species of scytonema agardh (Cyanophyta)
(1963) Welsh, H
The author is indebted to Dr. A.D Harrison of the Department of Zoology, University of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salibury, for sending him some algal material collected on the 25th of April 1962, in a granophyre rock pool high above the Lundi River at a place called Fishans Kraal, near the junction of the Lundi and Sabi River in the Southern Rhodesia.
Collection of Hirudinea submitted by F.M. Chutter (national institute for water research, Pretoria) and the geographical distribution of Hirudinea in South Africa
(1963-08) Sciacchitano, I
The leeches collected from the Vaal Barrage and from the streams and rivers of the Vaal dam Catchment Barrage by F.andM. from Chutter, which I have just studied, constitute a collection of 121 specimens. I sincerely thank Mr F. M. Chutter for having entrusted the determination of the specimens to me. The specimens have all been recorded in a catalogue of the freshwater invertebrate fauna collected by the National Institute for Water Research and the catalogue numbers of the specimens (code lettered Val) are given under each species. Two specimens come from a catalogue coded M.P. Little is as yet known of the leech fauna of South Africa and the pro cessing of all the material was not an easy task. The collection comprises ten species, seven of which belong to the Glossiphoniidae, a family with very small specimens, a few millimetres in size
Some new and rare diatoms from South Africa 2. Diatoms from lake Sibayi and lake Nhlange in Tongaland (Natal)
(1966) Archibald, REM
In January, 1966, the Zoology Department of Rhodes University, Grahamstown, undertook a second expedition to Lake Sibayi under the leadership of Professor B. R Allanson. Lake Sibayi is a lake situated in the central littoral section of Tongaland in North-eastern Natal. This area is subtropical with a summer rainfall.
Some new and rare Nitzschiae (Diatomaceae) from the Vaal dam catchment area (South Africa)
(1966) Archibald, REM
In studies of the ecology of diatoms, particularly in the case of studies concerned in any way with organic pollution, one of the most important genera of diatoms concerned is the genus Nitzschia Hassall.
Contributions of the Diatom flora of South Africa
(1966) Giffen, MH
The diatom flora of the marine littoral of South African coatal river estuaries is very superficially known. In a previous contribution (Giffen 1963) the author dealt with the diatoms of the Eastern Cape Province estuaries namely the Gulu River complex.
Reliability of a method of sampling stream invertebrates
(1966-05) Chutter, FM; Noble, RG
In field ecological studies inferences must often be drawn from dissimilarities in numbers and species of organisms found in biological samples collected at different times and under various conditions.
Nutrient composition of some edible wild fruits found in the Transvaal
(South African Medical Association, 1966-12-17) Wehmeyer, AS
The nutrient content of 9 species of wild fruits growing in the Transvaal was determined in the laboratory were the research was conducted. In order to simplify the removal of the flesh from the stones, the fruits were in most cases freeze-dried after peeling. The powered samples were stored in plastic or glass bottles with tight-fitting screw caps to prevent the absorption of moisture. The results of the analyses are presented in the form of a table. The most outstanding characteristics of all the wild fruits analysed is their high vitamin-C content. The amatungula appears to be a fruit which deserves wider cultivation than occurs at present
New and Interesting Cyanophytes from the Kowie river system in the Eastern Cape Province (South Africa) II.
(1967) Archibald, CGM
The thallus is not gelatinous but is diffuse and pale grey-green in colour. The trichomes are without a sheath and are straight or curved, often closely entangled and rarely coiled. The dull blue- green trichomes are markedly constricted at the cross-wall and 4-5U broad. The vegetative cells are fairly uniform in appearance being most commonly barrel-shaped and distinctly longer that they are broad
Removal of the microorganisms from water. Part 1: Introduction, water-borne disease and the microorganisms involved.
(1967) Duuren, FR
Waters differ greatly in physical and chemical quality and in content of microorganisms. The quality of the water is clearly related to the contents and types of organisms present and both of this aspect is the object of intensive study at present.
On the ecology of the fauna of stones in the current in a South African river supporting a very large simulium (Diptera) population
(1968-12) Chutter, FM
There is a large population of Simulium chutteri lewis in the Vaal river at and below the village of Warrenton in the north-east of the Cape Province, South Africa. The female of this species attacks man, cattle and horses and had become a pest when the studies described here were made. The first aim of this work was to record the density of the Simulium larvae and also of the other invertebrate animals in the river at different times of the year from Warrenton down to Barkly West.
Preparation of edible wild fruit and plant samples for analysis and some difficulties encountered in such analyses
(South African Medical Association, 1969-12) Strydom, ESP; Wehmeyer, AS
Freeze-dried samples are used for analysis and the methods of preparation of samples for freeze-drying are discussed. Freeze-drying has obvious advantages but has also a few minor disadvantages. Difficulties encountered in the determination of some of the nutrients are discussed
New and interesting marine and littoral diatoms from sea point, near Cape Town, South Africa
(1970) Giffen, MH
During a visit to Cape town in December 1967, the opportunity was sized to visit the sea shore at Sea point, a suburb and seaside resort near Cape Town, For the purpose of obtaining fertile class material of Laminaria, Ecklonea and polysiphonia which are readily collected from drifting seaweeds torn from the vast kept beds just offshore.
Hydrobiological studies in the catchment of Vaal dam, South Africa. Part 1. River Zonation and the Benthic Fauna
(1970) Chutter, FM
Vaal Dam is situated on the elevated plateau which forms the interior of South Africa and is a little less than 1500 m above the level. The source of the most of the streams and rivers flowing into the dam are about 2000 m above sea level, though some of them flow more than 300 km before reaching the impoundment.
Hydrobiological studies in the catchment of Vaal dam, South Africa part 3. Notes on the Cladocera and Copepoda of stones-in-current, marginal vegetation and stony backwater biotopes
(1971) Chutter, FM
A general description of the study area be found in part 1(Chutter, 1970), where the fauna other than Cladocera and Copera of store-in-current, marginal vegetation and story backwater has been described. It was found that the streams and rivers could be divided into a number of zones and that the founa was related to the river zonation. The river zones were, in order downstream, the Source Zone, the Eroding Zone, the stable Depositing Zone and the Unstable Depositing Zone.
Diatoms from the Vaal dam catchment area Transvaal, South Africa
(1971) Archibald, REM
The Vaal Dam is of great importance to South Africa as it ensures a good supply of water to the Witwatersrand complex, South Africans most important industrial and mining centre, and the problem of pollution and protection of the waters flowing into this dam is therefore of very great significance
Marine littoral diatoms from the Gordon’s bay region of False Bay, Cape Province, South Africa
(1971) Giffen, MH
The Gordon’s Bay region occupies the North western corner of false Bay, a large rectangular bay, bounded on the west by the Cape Peninsula ending at Cape Point, on the east by the precipitous slope of the Steenbras Mountains ending at the Cape Hangklip, and the north by the sandy beaches of the isthmus of the Cape Peninsula.
Further contribution to the diatom flora of sewage enriched waters in southern Africa
(1972) Schoeman, FR
The systematics and autecology of the diatoms observed in an algal sample from a maturation pond of the Walvis Bay (south west African coast) sewage works are discussed. Fourteen diatoms species are recorded. A new specie, Amphora subacutiuscula, is described.

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