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Browsing by Author "Walters, Chavon R"

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84th IMESA Conference in collaboration with IAWEES (International), Virtual conference, Cape Town, 17 - 19 November 2021

Author: Steyn, Maronel ; Walters, Chavon R Date: Nov 2021 Water scarcity, increased pollution, unprecedented population growth and climate change are collectively driving the need to reuse water with the aim to enhance water security, sustainability, and resilience. It is clear that South Africa¿s ... Read more
Aggregation and dissolution of silver nanoparticles in a laboratory-based freshwater microcosm under simulated environmental conditions

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Pool, E ; Somerset, V Date: Apr 2014 Silver nanoparticles (NP) are used in several applications, including their use as antimicrobial agents in textiles, personal care, and other domestic products. As such, there is a high potential for the release of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) ... Read more
Atlas of industrial wastewater reuse potential in South Africa

Author: Steyn, Maronel ; Walters, Chavon R ; Mathye, Salamina M ; Ndlela, Luyanda L ; Thwala, Melusi ; Banoo, Ismail ; Tancu, Yolanda ; Genthe, Bettina Date: Mar 2021 The South African economy largely depends on mining and other large industries. According to the National Water Resources Strategy 2 (DWA, 2013a), the mining sector, with an estimated demand of about 5% of the country’s available water, is a ... Read more
Baseline monitoring of mercury levels in environmental matrices in the Limpopo Province

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Couto, M ; McClurg, N ; Silwana, B ; Somerset, V Date: Feb 2017 Mercury (Hg) speciation and bioavailability were studied in surface water, surface sediment and freshwater fish samples collected upstream and downstream of the Medupi (currently under construction) and Matimba power stations in the Waterberg ... Read more
Bulk scale industrial effluent reuse potential in South Africa

Author: Steyn, Maronel ; Walters, Chavon R ; Mathye, Salamina M ; Thwala, Melusi ; Banoo, Ismail ; Ndlela, Luyanda L ; Tancu, Yolanda ; Genthe, Bettina Date: Nov 2021 Rationale: Water scarcity, increased pollution, unprecedented population growth and climate change are collectively driving the need to reuse water with the aim to enhance water security, sustainability, and resilience. It is clear that South ... Read more
Bulk scale industrial effluent reuse potential in South Africa

Author: Steyn, Maronel ; Walters, Chavon R Date: Nov 2021 Globally, responsible and efficient water management is fast becoming a pressing reality for domestic users, agriculture and industry alike. The challenge is therefore to capitalise on the limited water we currently have. Solution: Bulk-scale ... Read more
Bulk scale industrial effluent reuse potential in South Africa Atlas

Author: Steyn, Maronel ; Walters, Chavon R ; Mathye, Salamina M ; Thwala, Melusi ; Ndlela, Luyanda L ; Tancu, Yolanda ; Lehutso, Raisibe F ; Banoo, Ismail Date: Oct 2021 Globally, responsible and efficient water management is fast becoming a pressing reality for domestic users, agriculture and industry alike. The challenge is therefore to capitalise on the limited water we currently have. Solution: Bulk-scale ... Read more
Combined silver nanoparticles and temperature effects in the Cape River crab Potamanautes perlatus - Interactions between chemical and climatic stressors

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Cheng, Po-Hsun ; Pool, EJ ; Somerset, VS Date: Mar 2017 The influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and temperature variation on toxicity and oxidative stress responses were investigated in the tissues of the Cape River crab Potamanautes perlatus following a seven-day exposure period. Toxicity ... Read more
A decision support tool for industrial water reuse in South Africa

Author: Steyn, Maronel ; Genthe, Bettina ; Banoo, Ismail ; Thwala, Melusi ; Roos, Thomas H ; Walters, Chavon R ; Ramakhwatho, F Date: Aug 2020 Water scarcity, increased pollution, unprecedented population growth and climate change are all driving the need to reuse water to secure the future of the country. It is clear that South Africa’s already strained water resources will become ... Read more
The drugs we wash away: What happens to antiretrovirals in the aquatic environment?

Author: Walters, Chavon R Date: Jun 2017 With increasing frequency countries are faced with a new set of chemicals that are contaminating the environment. These so-called ‘emerging contaminants’ hold potential risk to humans and/or the environment. The challenge is that, generally, ... Read more
Ecotoxicity of silver nanomaterials in the aquatic environment: A review of literature and gaps in nano-toxicological research

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Pool, EJ ; Somerset, VS Date: Aug 2014 There has been extensive growth in nanoscale technology in the last few decades to such a degree that nanomaterials (NMs) have become a constituent in a wide range of commercial and domestic products. With NMs already in use in several consumer ... Read more
Effect of temperature on oxidative stress parameters and enzyme activity in tissues of Cape river crab (Potamanautes perlatus) following exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Cheng, Po-Hsun ; Pool, E ; Somerset, V Date: Jan 2016 Biomarkers of oxidative stress have been widely used in environmental assessments to evaluate the effects of exposure of aquatic organisms to contaminants from various anthropogenic sources. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), the most produced NP ... Read more
The effects of silver nanoparticles on RAW 264.7. Macrophages and human whole blood cell cultures

Author: Lategan, KL ; Walters, Chavon R ; Pool, EJ Date: Jan 2019 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly found in consumer products due to their antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated the effects of AgNPs on the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and human whole blood cell cultures (WBCs). ... Read more
Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres

Author: Sprovieri, F ; Pirrone, N ; Bencardino, M ; D'Amore, F ; Angot, H ; Walters, Chavon R Date: Feb 2017 The atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) occurs via several mechanisms, including dry and wet scavenging by precipitation events. In an effort to understand the atmospheric cycling and seasonal depositional characteristics of Hg, wet ... Read more
From waste to resource: Opportunities and challenges to combat water scarcity

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Steyn, Maronel Date: Sep 2022 Many parts of South Africa are still staggering on the back of severe droughts experienced over the past decade. Rapid urbanization has created a plethora of water-related challenges, including environmental degradation and water scarcity ... Read more
Intracellular ice and cell survival in cryo-exposed embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds of Acer saccharinum: an ultrastructural study of factors affecting cell and ice structures

Author: Wesley-Smith, J ; Berjak, P ; Pammenter, NW ; Walters, Chavon R Date: Mar 2014 Cryopreservation is the only long-term conservation strategy available for germplasm of recalcitrant-seeded species. Efforts to cryopreserve this form of germplasm are hampered by potentially lethal intracellular freezing events; thus, it is ... Read more
Nanotoxicology: A review

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Pool, E ; Somerset, V Date: Oct 2016 Nanotoxicology represents a new and growing research area in toxicology. It deals with the assessment of the toxicological properties of nanoparticles (NPs) with the intention of determining whether (and to what extent) they pose an environmental ... Read more
Review of mercury pollution in South Africa: current status

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Somerset, VS ; Leaner, JJ ; Nel, JM Date: Aug 2011 The present paper is a review on the status of mercury (Hg) as a pollutant in South African aquatic ecosystems. Spatial patterns of Hg distribution and bioaccumulation in water resources were investigated by collecting and analyzing multimedia ... Read more
Spatial distribution of trace metals in water resources impacted by PGM activities

Author: Walters, Chavon R ; Somerset, V ; Van der Horst, C ; Silwana, B ; Le Roux, S ; Iwuoha, E Date: May 2012 Investigations of trace metal concentrations (Al, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg) in surface water, surface sediment and fish in four of South Africa’s Water Management Areas (WMAs) were carried out in August (winter / dry) and November (summer / wet) ... Read more
A synthesis of mercury research in the Southern Hemisphere, part 2: Anthropogenic perturbations

Author: Fisher, JA ; Schneider, L ; Fostier, A-H ; Guerrero, S ; Guimaraes, JD ; Labuschagne, Casper ; Leaner, JJ ; Martin, Lynwill G ; Mason, RP ; Walters, Chavon R Date: May 2023 Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination is a global concern requiring action at national scales. Scientific understanding and regulatory policies are underpinned by global extrapolation of Northern Hemisphere Hg data, despite historical, ... Read more

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