Thwala, MelusiKlaine, SMusee, N2022-02-092022-02-092021-04Thwala, M., Klaine, S. & Musee, N. 2021. Exposure media and nanoparticle size influence on the fate, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to higher plant salvinia minima. <i>Molecules, 26(8).</i> http://hdl.handle.net/10204/122611420-3049https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082305http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12261Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are favoured antibacterial agents in nano-enabled products and can be released into water resources where they potentially elicit adverse effects. Herein, interactions of 10 and 40 nm AgNPs (10-AgNPs and 40-AgNPs) with aquatic higher plant Salvinia minima at 600 µg/L in moderately hard water (MHW), MHW of raised calcium (Ca2+), and MHW containing natural organic matter (NOM) were examined. The exposure media variants altered the AgNPs’ surface properties, causing size-dependent agglomeration. The bio-accessibility in the ascending order was: NOM < MHW < Ca2+, was higher in plants exposed to 10-AgNPs, and across all exposures, accumulation was higher in roots compared to fronds. The AgNPs reduced plant growth and the production of chlorophyll pigments a and b; the toxic effects were influenced by exposure media chemistry, and the smaller 10-AgNPs were commonly the most toxic relative to 40-AgNPs. The toxicity pattern was linked to the averagely higher dissolution of 10-AgNPs compared to the larger counterparts. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analytical techniques were found limited in examining the interaction of the plants with AgNPs at the low exposure concentration used in this study, thus challenging their applicability considering the even lower predicted environmental concentrations AgNPs.FulltextenSilver nanoparticlesBio-interactionNanoecotoxicityAquatic plantsBioaccumulationArticleThwala, M., Klaine, S., & Musee, N. (2021). Exposure media and nanoparticle size influence on the fate, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to higher plant salvinia minima. <i>Molecules, 26(8)</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12261Thwala, Melusi, S Klaine, and N Musee "Exposure media and nanoparticle size influence on the fate, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to higher plant salvinia minima." <i>Molecules, 26(8)</i> (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12261Thwala M, Klaine S, Musee N. Exposure media and nanoparticle size influence on the fate, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to higher plant salvinia minima. Molecules, 26(8). 2021; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12261.TY - Article AU - Thwala, Melusi AU - Klaine, S AU - Musee, N AB - Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are favoured antibacterial agents in nano-enabled products and can be released into water resources where they potentially elicit adverse effects. Herein, interactions of 10 and 40 nm AgNPs (10-AgNPs and 40-AgNPs) with aquatic higher plant Salvinia minima at 600 µg/L in moderately hard water (MHW), MHW of raised calcium (Ca2+), and MHW containing natural organic matter (NOM) were examined. The exposure media variants altered the AgNPs’ surface properties, causing size-dependent agglomeration. The bio-accessibility in the ascending order was: NOM < MHW < Ca2+, was higher in plants exposed to 10-AgNPs, and across all exposures, accumulation was higher in roots compared to fronds. The AgNPs reduced plant growth and the production of chlorophyll pigments a and b; the toxic effects were influenced by exposure media chemistry, and the smaller 10-AgNPs were commonly the most toxic relative to 40-AgNPs. The toxicity pattern was linked to the averagely higher dissolution of 10-AgNPs compared to the larger counterparts. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analytical techniques were found limited in examining the interaction of the plants with AgNPs at the low exposure concentration used in this study, thus challenging their applicability considering the even lower predicted environmental concentrations AgNPs. DA - 2021-04 DB - ResearchSpace DP - CSIR J1 - Molecules, 26(8) KW - Silver nanoparticles KW - Bio-interaction KW - Nanoecotoxicity KW - Aquatic plants KW - Bioaccumulation LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za PY - 2021 SM - 1420-3049 T1 - Exposure media and nanoparticle size influence on the fate, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to higher plant salvinia minima TI - Exposure media and nanoparticle size influence on the fate, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of silver nanoparticles to higher plant salvinia minima UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12261 ER -24558