Masindi, VhahangweleMbhele, Nkhangweleni RFoteinis, Spyros2023-05-232023-05-232023-04Masindi, V., Mbhele, N.R. & Foteinis, S. 2023. Sustainable co-management of acid mine drainage with struvite synthesis effluent: Pragmatic synergies in circular economy. <i>Environments, 10(4).</i> http://hdl.handle.net/10204/127892076-3298https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10040060http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12789Herein, the alkaline supernatant of a struvite recovery system from municipal wastewater was successfully co-managed with acid mine drainage (AMD). Various ratios (v/v) of AMD to struvite supernatant were examined, and the quality of the passively co-treated effluent and of the generated sludge were examined using state-of-the-art analytical techniques including ICP-OES, FE-SEM/FIB/EDX, XRD, XRF, and FTIR. The optimum ratio was 1:9, where metals and sulphate were largely removed from AMD, i.e., from higher to lower score Fe (~100%) = Pb (~100%) = Ni (99.6%) = Cu (96%) = As (95%) = Al (93.7%) = Zn (92.7%) > Ca (90.5%) > Mn (90%) = Cr (90%) > sulphate (88%) > Mg (85.7%), thus implying that opportunities for mineral recovery could be pursued. The pH of the final effluent was regulated to acceptable discharge levels, i.e., 6.5 instead of 2.2 (AMD) and 10.5 (struvite supernatant), while a notable reduction in the electrical conductivity further implied the attenuation of contaminants. Overall, results suggest the feasibility of the passive co-treatment of these wastewater matrices and that opportunities for direct scaling up exist (e.g., using waste stabilization ponds). Furthermore, apart from the initial recovery of struvite from municipal wastewater, metals could also be recovered from AMD and water could be reclaimed, therefore introducing circular economy and zero liquid discharge in wastewater treatment and management.FulltextenClean water and sanitationMagnesium ammonium phosphateMAPPhosphate and ammonia recovery-recyclingSustainable water and wastewater treatmentUN SDG 6Waste valorization and beneficiationZero liquid dischargeZLDArticleMasindi, V., Mbhele, N. R., & Foteinis, S. (2023). Sustainable co-management of acid mine drainage with struvite synthesis effluent: Pragmatic synergies in circular economy. <i>Environments, 10(4)</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12789Masindi, Vhahangwele, Nkhangweleni R Mbhele, and Spyros Foteinis "Sustainable co-management of acid mine drainage with struvite synthesis effluent: Pragmatic synergies in circular economy." <i>Environments, 10(4)</i> (2023) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12789Masindi V, Mbhele NR, Foteinis S. Sustainable co-management of acid mine drainage with struvite synthesis effluent: Pragmatic synergies in circular economy. Environments, 10(4). 2023; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12789.TY - Article AU - Masindi, Vhahangwele AU - Mbhele, Nkhangweleni R AU - Foteinis, Spyros AB - Herein, the alkaline supernatant of a struvite recovery system from municipal wastewater was successfully co-managed with acid mine drainage (AMD). Various ratios (v/v) of AMD to struvite supernatant were examined, and the quality of the passively co-treated effluent and of the generated sludge were examined using state-of-the-art analytical techniques including ICP-OES, FE-SEM/FIB/EDX, XRD, XRF, and FTIR. The optimum ratio was 1:9, where metals and sulphate were largely removed from AMD, i.e., from higher to lower score Fe (~100%) = Pb (~100%) = Ni (99.6%) = Cu (96%) = As (95%) = Al (93.7%) = Zn (92.7%) > Ca (90.5%) > Mn (90%) = Cr (90%) > sulphate (88%) > Mg (85.7%), thus implying that opportunities for mineral recovery could be pursued. The pH of the final effluent was regulated to acceptable discharge levels, i.e., 6.5 instead of 2.2 (AMD) and 10.5 (struvite supernatant), while a notable reduction in the electrical conductivity further implied the attenuation of contaminants. Overall, results suggest the feasibility of the passive co-treatment of these wastewater matrices and that opportunities for direct scaling up exist (e.g., using waste stabilization ponds). Furthermore, apart from the initial recovery of struvite from municipal wastewater, metals could also be recovered from AMD and water could be reclaimed, therefore introducing circular economy and zero liquid discharge in wastewater treatment and management. DA - 2023-04 DB - ResearchSpace DP - CSIR J1 - Environments, 10(4) KW - Clean water and sanitation KW - Magnesium ammonium phosphate KW - MAP KW - Phosphate and ammonia recovery-recycling KW - Sustainable water and wastewater treatment KW - UN SDG 6 KW - Waste valorization and beneficiation KW - Zero liquid discharge KW - ZLD LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za PY - 2023 SM - 2076-3298 T1 - Sustainable co-management of acid mine drainage with struvite synthesis effluent: Pragmatic synergies in circular economy TI - Sustainable co-management of acid mine drainage with struvite synthesis effluent: Pragmatic synergies in circular economy UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12789 ER -26744