Mandree, PrishaMasika, Wendy SNaicker, JustinMoonsamy, GhaneshreeRamchuran, Santosh OLalloo, Rajesh2022-01-102022-01-102021-09Mandree, P., Masika, W.S., Naicker, J., Moonsamy, G., Ramchuran, S.O. & Lalloo, R. 2021. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from industry contaminated soil using indigenous bacillus spp. <i>Processes, 9(9).</i> http://hdl.handle.net/10204/122112227-9717https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091606http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12211Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reportedly toxic, ubiquitous and organic compounds that can persist in the environment and are released largely due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel. There is a range of microorganisms that are capable of degrading low molecular weight PAHs, such as naphthalene; however, fewer were reported to degrade higher molecular weight PAHs. Bacillus spp. has shown to be effective in neutralizing polluted streams containing hydrocarbons. Following the growing regulatory requirement to meet the PAH specification upon disposal of contaminated soil, the following study aimed to identify potential Bacillus strains that could effectively remediate low and high molecular weight PAHs from the soil. Six potential hydrocarbon-degrading strains were formulated into two prototypes and tested for the ability to remove PAHs from industry-contaminated soil. Following the dosing of each respective soil system with prototypes 1 and 2, the samples were analyzed for PAH concentration over 11 weeks against an un-augmented control system. After 11 weeks, the control system indicated the presence of naphthalene (3.11 µg·kg-1), phenanthrene (24.47 µg·kg-1), fluoranthene (17.80 µg·kg-1) and pyrene (28.92 µg·kg-1), which illustrated the recalcitrant nature of aromatic hydrocarbons. The soil system dosed with prototype 2 was capable of completely degrading (100%) naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene over the experimental period. However, the accumulation of PAHs, namely phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, were observed using prototype 1. The results showed that prototype 2, consisting of a combination of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis strains, was more effective in the biodegradation of PAHs and intermediate products. Furthermore, the bio-augmented system dosed with prototype 2 showed an improvement in the overall degradation (10–50%) of PAHs, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene, over the un-augmented control system. The following study demonstrates the potential of using Bacillus spp. in a bioremediation solution for sites contaminated with PAHs and informs the use of biological additives for large-scale environmental remediation.FulltextenBacillusBioremediationHydrocarbon pollutionPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsPAHBiological removalArticleMandree, P., Masika, W. S., Naicker, J., Moonsamy, G., Ramchuran, S. O., & Lalloo, R. (2021). Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from industry contaminated soil using indigenous bacillus spp. <i>Processes, 9(9)</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12211Mandree, Prisha, Wendy S Masika, Justin Naicker, Ghaneshree Moonsamy, Santosh O Ramchuran, and Rajesh Lalloo "Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from industry contaminated soil using indigenous bacillus spp." <i>Processes, 9(9)</i> (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12211Mandree P, Masika WS, Naicker J, Moonsamy G, Ramchuran SO, Lalloo R. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from industry contaminated soil using indigenous bacillus spp. Processes, 9(9). 2021; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12211.TY - Article AU - Mandree, Prisha AU - Masika, Wendy S AU - Naicker, Justin AU - Moonsamy, Ghaneshree AU - Ramchuran, Santosh O AU - Lalloo, Rajesh AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reportedly toxic, ubiquitous and organic compounds that can persist in the environment and are released largely due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel. There is a range of microorganisms that are capable of degrading low molecular weight PAHs, such as naphthalene; however, fewer were reported to degrade higher molecular weight PAHs. Bacillus spp. has shown to be effective in neutralizing polluted streams containing hydrocarbons. Following the growing regulatory requirement to meet the PAH specification upon disposal of contaminated soil, the following study aimed to identify potential Bacillus strains that could effectively remediate low and high molecular weight PAHs from the soil. Six potential hydrocarbon-degrading strains were formulated into two prototypes and tested for the ability to remove PAHs from industry-contaminated soil. Following the dosing of each respective soil system with prototypes 1 and 2, the samples were analyzed for PAH concentration over 11 weeks against an un-augmented control system. After 11 weeks, the control system indicated the presence of naphthalene (3.11 µg·kg-1), phenanthrene (24.47 µg·kg-1), fluoranthene (17.80 µg·kg-1) and pyrene (28.92 µg·kg-1), which illustrated the recalcitrant nature of aromatic hydrocarbons. The soil system dosed with prototype 2 was capable of completely degrading (100%) naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene over the experimental period. However, the accumulation of PAHs, namely phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, were observed using prototype 1. The results showed that prototype 2, consisting of a combination of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis strains, was more effective in the biodegradation of PAHs and intermediate products. Furthermore, the bio-augmented system dosed with prototype 2 showed an improvement in the overall degradation (10–50%) of PAHs, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene, over the un-augmented control system. The following study demonstrates the potential of using Bacillus spp. in a bioremediation solution for sites contaminated with PAHs and informs the use of biological additives for large-scale environmental remediation. DA - 2021-09 DB - ResearchSpace DP - CSIR J1 - Processes, 9(9) KW - Bacillus KW - Bioremediation KW - Hydrocarbon pollution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - PAH KW - Biological removal LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za PY - 2021 SM - 2227-9717 T1 - Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from industry contaminated soil using indigenous bacillus spp TI - Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from industry contaminated soil using indigenous bacillus spp UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12211 ER -25258