O'Kennedy, Maretha MStark, HCDube, N2013-08-122013-08-122011-01O'Kennedy, M.M, Stark, H.C and Dube, N. 2011. Biolistic-mediated transformation protocols for maize and pearl millet using pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos and embryogenic tissue. In: Plants embryo culture methods in molecular biology. Human Press publishing: New York9781617379871http://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007%2F978-1-61737-988-8_23http://hdl.handle.net/10204/6935Copyright: Human Press publishing: New YorkMaize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, and a key feed crop in Asia, whereas pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple food that supplies a major proportion of calories and protein to large segments of the populations living in the semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The limitations of biological gene transfer with Agrobacterium tumefaciens specifically related to recalcitrant cereal crops, led to the development of alternative methods of which high-velocity microprojectiles, biolistic genetic transfer is the most successful and also the most widely employed. Agrobacterium facilitated transformation is the method of choice especially for deregulation of commercial transgenic food crop products, but biolistic-mediated transformation are still valid for proof of concept and functional genomics applications. Biolistic-mediated transformation and the production of transgenic plantlets via somatic embryogenesis of two maize strains viz. Hi-II (a laboratory strain) and M37W (a South African elite white maize genotype) as well as a pearl millet strain (842B) are described in this chapter. The stages described include: 1) proliferation of immature zygotic embryos for biolistic-mediated transformation, 2) induction and maintenance of transgenic embryogenic tissue on selection medium; 3) maturation (both morphological and physiological) of transgenic somatic embryoids; and 4) germination of the somatic embryoids to transgenic putative primary events. Maize and pearl millet cultures were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis as they are bipolar structures that shoot and root simultaneously. The culture media described in this chapter rarely induced or regenerated plantlets via organogenesis.enPearl milletMaize cropTransgenicSomatic embryogenesisImmature zygotic embryosBook ChapterO'Kennedy, M. M., Stark, H., & Dube, N. (2011). Biolistic-Mediated transformation protocols for maize and pearl millet using pre-Cultured immature zygotic embryos and embryogenic tissue., <i>Workflow;2888</i> Springer. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/6935O'Kennedy, Maretha M, HC Stark, and N Dube. "Biolistic-mediated transformation protocols for maize and pearl millet using pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos and embryogenic tissue" In <i>WORKFLOW;2888</i>, n.p.: Springer. 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/6935.O'Kennedy MM, Stark H, Dube N. Biolistic-mediated transformation protocols for maize and pearl millet using pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos and embryogenic tissue.. Workflow;2888. [place unknown]: Springer; 2011. [cited yyyy month dd]. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/6935.TY - Book Chapter AU - O'Kennedy, Maretha M AU - Stark, HC AU - Dube, N AB - Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, and a key feed crop in Asia, whereas pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple food that supplies a major proportion of calories and protein to large segments of the populations living in the semi-arid tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The limitations of biological gene transfer with Agrobacterium tumefaciens specifically related to recalcitrant cereal crops, led to the development of alternative methods of which high-velocity microprojectiles, biolistic genetic transfer is the most successful and also the most widely employed. Agrobacterium facilitated transformation is the method of choice especially for deregulation of commercial transgenic food crop products, but biolistic-mediated transformation are still valid for proof of concept and functional genomics applications. Biolistic-mediated transformation and the production of transgenic plantlets via somatic embryogenesis of two maize strains viz. Hi-II (a laboratory strain) and M37W (a South African elite white maize genotype) as well as a pearl millet strain (842B) are described in this chapter. The stages described include: 1) proliferation of immature zygotic embryos for biolistic-mediated transformation, 2) induction and maintenance of transgenic embryogenic tissue on selection medium; 3) maturation (both morphological and physiological) of transgenic somatic embryoids; and 4) germination of the somatic embryoids to transgenic putative primary events. Maize and pearl millet cultures were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis as they are bipolar structures that shoot and root simultaneously. The culture media described in this chapter rarely induced or regenerated plantlets via organogenesis. DA - 2011-01 DB - ResearchSpace DP - CSIR KW - Pearl millet KW - Maize crop KW - Transgenic KW - Somatic embryogenesis KW - Immature zygotic embryos LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za PY - 2011 SM - 9781617379871 T1 - Biolistic-mediated transformation protocols for maize and pearl millet using pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos and embryogenic tissue TI - Biolistic-mediated transformation protocols for maize and pearl millet using pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos and embryogenic tissue UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/6935 ER -