Lesch, RVisser, EDSeroka, Ntalane SKhotseng, L2025-07-072025-07-0720252164-63252164-6341doi:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0026http://hdl.handle.net/10204/14277The review investigates the use of biomass-derived carbon as precursors for nanomaterials, acknowledging their sustainability and eco-friendliness. It examines various types of biomasses, such as agricultural residues and food byproducts, focussing on their transformation via environmentally friendly methods such as pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation. Innovations in creating porous carbon nanostructures and heteroatom surface functionalisation are identi ed, enhancing catalytic performance. e study also explores the integration of biomassderived carbon with nanomaterials for energy storage, catalysis, and other applications, noting the economic and environmental bene ts. Despite these advantages, challenges persist in optimising synthesis methods and scaling production. e study also highlights existing research gaps, forms a basis for future studies, and underscores the role of biomass-derived nanomaterials in promoting a circular economy and sustainability.FulltextenCarbon in biomassCircular economyRenewable resourcesGreen chemistryNanomaterialsElectrochemical energyArticleN/A