Mthethwa, Sthembile NNdhlovu, NomalisaMyaka, Zanele SNtshangase, Sthembile NShadung, Lesiba DSingano, Zothile2025-12-092025-12-092025-12http://hdl.handle.net/10204/14512The dynamic nature of the digital landscape necessitates robust security measures for the use of digital wallets, with authentication being pivotal in ensuring both user safety and system integrity. Traditionally, password-based authentication has been the predominant method employed. However, it is also the primary target for cyber attackers, with numerous successful breaches resulting from compromised credentials. Despite the availability of alternative methods, passwords continue to be the preferred choice. This paper examines various authentication techniques—such as passwordless, behavioral, continuous, and adaptive authentication—emphasizing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with the implementation of these methods and outlines key considerations for organisations prior to adoption. Specifically for digital wallets, passwordless and risk-based authentication methods are identified as the most appropriate. Future research will focus on testing and comparing the effectiveness of these two methods by simulating attacks to determine which provides greater security.FulltextenAuthenticationPasswordlessDigital walletsRisk-based authenticationConference Presentationn/a