Ntshabele, KIsong, BAbu-Mahfouz, Adnan MI2022-02-212022-02-212021-12Ntshabele, K., Isong, B. & Abu-Mahfouz, A.M. 2021. A mechanism for energy efficiency in cognitive radio sensor networks based on sleep-wake scheduling strategy. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12281 .978-1-6654-4231-2978-1-6654-4232-9DOI: 10.1109/ICECET52533.2021.9698565http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12281Inefficient energy utilization in the cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) is a serious challenge that adversely affects its performance and quality of service (QoS). Several different strategies and mechanisms have been proposed and developed to address the rapid energy depletion faced by cognitive sensor nodes. However, optimum energy efficiency is yet to be fully realized in the CRSN. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy-efficient scheduling mechanism for CRSNs that is based on both the K-Means clustering and Sensor-Medium Access Control (S-MAC) protocol to minimize high energy utilization. The K-Means algorithm clusters the cognitive sensor nodes to minimize the overall network complexities while the S-MAC protocol performs periodic data transfer and sleep-wake cycles to regulate data flow and minimize interferences. Simulations were performed to analyze the design using six different S-MAC's duty cycles based on throughput, the average energy used, the residual energy, and delay as metrics. This was used to identify the optimal duty cycle for energy-efficient CRSN implementation. Results obtained revealed a 10% duty cycle as the most suitable energy-efficient approach in terms of the metrics considered. We, therefore, recommend a 10% duty cycle for the implementation in designing an energy-efficient model in CRSNs.AbstractenClusteringCognitive radio sensor networksCRSNEnergy efficiencySensor-Medium Access ControlS-MACWireless sensor networkWSNConference PresentationNtshabele, K., Isong, B., & Abu-Mahfouz, A. M. (2021). A mechanism for energy efficiency in cognitive radio sensor networks based on sleep-wake scheduling strategy. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12281Ntshabele, K, B Isong, and Adnan MI Abu-Mahfouz. "A mechanism for energy efficiency in cognitive radio sensor networks based on sleep-wake scheduling strategy." <i>2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), Cape Town, South Africa, 9-10 December 2021</i> (2021): http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12281Ntshabele K, Isong B, Abu-Mahfouz AM, A mechanism for energy efficiency in cognitive radio sensor networks based on sleep-wake scheduling strategy; 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12281 .TY - Conference Presentation AU - Ntshabele, K AU - Isong, B AU - Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MI AB - Inefficient energy utilization in the cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) is a serious challenge that adversely affects its performance and quality of service (QoS). Several different strategies and mechanisms have been proposed and developed to address the rapid energy depletion faced by cognitive sensor nodes. However, optimum energy efficiency is yet to be fully realized in the CRSN. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy-efficient scheduling mechanism for CRSNs that is based on both the K-Means clustering and Sensor-Medium Access Control (S-MAC) protocol to minimize high energy utilization. The K-Means algorithm clusters the cognitive sensor nodes to minimize the overall network complexities while the S-MAC protocol performs periodic data transfer and sleep-wake cycles to regulate data flow and minimize interferences. Simulations were performed to analyze the design using six different S-MAC's duty cycles based on throughput, the average energy used, the residual energy, and delay as metrics. This was used to identify the optimal duty cycle for energy-efficient CRSN implementation. Results obtained revealed a 10% duty cycle as the most suitable energy-efficient approach in terms of the metrics considered. We, therefore, recommend a 10% duty cycle for the implementation in designing an energy-efficient model in CRSNs. DA - 2021-12 DB - ResearchSpace DP - CSIR J1 - 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), Cape Town, South Africa, 9-10 December 2021 KW - Clustering KW - Cognitive radio sensor networks KW - CRSN KW - Energy efficiency KW - Sensor-Medium Access Control KW - S-MAC KW - Wireless sensor network KW - WSN LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za PY - 2021 SM - 978-1-6654-4231-2 T1 - A mechanism for energy efficiency in cognitive radio sensor networks based on sleep-wake scheduling strategy TI - A mechanism for energy efficiency in cognitive radio sensor networks based on sleep-wake scheduling strategy UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12281 ER -25419