Friedlingstein, PO’Sullivan, MJones, MWAndrew, RMBakker, DCEHauck, JLandschützer, PLe Quéré, CLLi, HDjeutchouang, Laique M2026-08-192026-08-192026-051866-35081866-3516https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026http://hdl.handle.net/10204/14899Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesise datasets and methodologies to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy and cement production data. Emissions from land-use change (ELUC) are estimated by bookkeeping models based on land-use data. The global atmospheric CO2 growth rate (GATM) is computed from changes in concentration measured at surface stations. The global net uptake of CO2 by the ocean (SOCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based fCO2-products. The global net uptake of CO2 by the land (SLAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. Additional lines of evidence are provided by atmospheric inversions, atmospheric oxygen measurements, ocean interior observation-based estimates, and Earth System Models. This year, we introduced corrections on the ELUC, SOCEAN and SLAND estimates. The sum of all sources and sinks results in the carbon budget imbalance (BIM), a measure of imperfect data and incomplete understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ± 1σ.FulltextenAnthropogenic CO₂ EmissionsGlobal Carbon BudgetCarbon Cycle DynamicsLand-Use Change EmissionsOcean and Land Carbon SinksAtmospheric CO₂ Growth RateArticlen/a