Ntshangase, Cynthia SMahlasela, Oyena NMtshali, Mamello LManari, Unarine JLedwaba, Lehlogonolo PIMarengwa, Matshidiso S2026-01-062026-01-062025-11979-8-4007-1427-6https://doi.org/10.1145/3759023.3759121http://hdl.handle.net/10204/14571This study represents a comprehensive literature review aimed at identifying the challenges and risks associated with the digitalization of health systems. The objective was to assess which healthcare systems are utilized globally and in South Africa. The key digital health systems identified include healthcare management systems, telemedicine, mHealth, electronic health records, cloud, data analytics, wearables, and emerging technologies such as 3D bioprinting, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Recommendations were formulated to promote a balanced approach to health systems digitalization, emphasizing maximizing benefits while mitigating risks and addressing challenges. The recommendations were developed following a review of the identified technologies, focusing on associated risks, challenges, and mitigation measures. Although these technologies enhance healthcare services, they encounter challenges including security issues, limited access, and regulatory compliance. The recommendations propose the enhancement of regulations for compliance and security, with future work concentrating on aligning technologies with South African standards to ensure secure adoption. The findings of this study can assist policymakers and system developers within the Department of Health in South Africa in devising healthcare solutions with minimized risks and challenges.FulltextenDigitalizationHealthcareDigital HealthElectronic Health RecordmHealthConference PresentationN/A