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Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Sunscreen Products: Status, Trends, and Challenges
(Springer Nature, 2024-07) Hassan Kera, Nazia; Kesavan Pillai, Sreejarani; Ray, Suprakas S
This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments in inorganic ultraviolet (UV) lters utilized for photoprotection applications. It evaluates theperformance of the two approved inorganic UV lters for sunscreen use, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), examining their physicochemical properties in relation to various factors such as ef cacy in UVR attenuation, formulation considerations including product aesthetics and stability, safety aspects, potential risks to human health, and their environmental fate and effects. The regulations governing the use of TiO2 and ZnO in sunscreens are also addressed. Furthermore, the book assesses different modi cation strategies employed to mitigate the undesirable properties of ZnO and TiO2. It also presents various inorganic materials studied as alternatives to ZnO and TiO2, evaluating their potential for use as UV lters. This book is tailored for chemists, material scientists, researchers, engineers (both chemical and biomedical), as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in this dynamic research eld. Additionally, it serves as a valuable resource for industrial researchers and R&D managers aiming to develop and market advanced inorganic UV lter-based sunscreen products.