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Browsing Book Chapters by browse.metadata.cluster "Next Generation Enterprises & Institutions"
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Item Exploring functional dynamics of innovation for inclusive development: Event history analysis of an ICT4D project(2021-08) Maarsingh, B; Grobbelaar, SS; Uriona-Maldonado, M; Herselman, Martha EInformation and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) projects aim to improve the living conditions of marginalized communities. However, ICT4D interventions have high failure rates. We draw on the Technological Innovation for Inclusive Development Systems (TI4IDS) framework, which argues that ICT4D projects are embedded in a system affected by many different actors, stakeholders and institutions. We analyze this through a qualitative exploratory case study of an ICT4D project for Elderly Rural Women in Mafarafara in Limpopo, South Africa. We map a set of TI4IDS functions through event history analysis (EHA) to explore how ICT4D projects may be implemented. We draw conclusions regarding the dynamic exhibited in the projects and show how the focus shifted from the development of knowledge and guidance of search to knowledge diffusion during the uptake of the technology with a more significant focus on resource mobilization and market formulation towards the later phases.Item Integrated framework for enhancing SDN security and reliability(2023-11) Isong, B; Ratanang, T; Gasela, N; Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MIThis paper addresses the issues of fault tolerance (FT) and intrusion detection (ID) in the Software-defined networking (SDN) environment. We design an integrated model that combines the FT-Manager as an FT mechanism and an ID-Manager, as an ID technique to collaboratively detect and mitigate threats in the SDN. The ID-Manager employs a machine learning (ML) technique to identify anomalous traffic accurately and effectively. Both techniques in the integrated model leverage the controllerswitches communication for real-time network statistics collection. While the full implementation of the framework is yet to be realized, experimental evaluations have been conducted to identify the most suitable ML algorithm for ID-Manager to classify network traffic using a benchmarking dataset and various performance metrics. The principal component analysis method was utilized for feature engineering optimization, and the results indicate that the Random Forest (RF) classifier outperforms other algorithms with 99.9% accuracy, precision, and recall. Based on these findings, the paper recommended RF as the ideal choice for ID design in the integrated model. We also stress the significance and potential benefits of the integrated model to sustain SDN network security and dependability.Item Machine learning – Imaging applications in transport systems: A review(2023-11) Adams, A; Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MI; Hancke, GPTransport systems are fundamental to supporting economic growth, and the need for smarter, safer, more efficient and climate neutral transport systems continues to grow. Maintenance and operation of transport infrastructure is expensive and has many difficulties. In recent years, the application of machine learning to solve problems has been pursued with varying success rates. Many open problems still remain at this stage. This paper provides a review of deep learning applications in transport systems. Multiple deep learning applications are discussed e.g. railway safety, self-driving cars, pedestrian crossing and traffic light detection. Reviewed papers are evaluated in terms of challenges, contribution, weakness, research gaps. Key research questions for future study are proposed: performance optimization, data set improvement and the need for research on real-time performance on edge devices.Item Micro nano manufacturing methods for chemical, gas and bio sensors, water purification and energy technologies(Intechopen, 2020-12) Akande, Amos A; Adeleye, AA; Adenle, AA; Mwakikunga, Bonex WThis chapter reports on the various methods of fabricating and manufacturing micro and nano sensor, membrane and energy devices. Firstly, the characteristic often sought after by scientists and engineers for effective and efficient performance of these technologies were thoroughly discussed in details together with the characterization techniques for evaluating them. Several state-of-the-art fabricating techniques for sensor devices, water and medical based-membranes, solar cells and batteries were also discussed.Item Pathways for mainstreaming resilience thinking into climate change adaptation and planning in the city of Cape Town(Palgrave Macmillan, 2020-10) Snyman-Van der Walt, Luanita; Schreiner, Gregory O; Laurie, Suriana; Audouin, Michelle A; Lochner, Paul A; Marivate, Vukosi N; Pasquini, L; Davidson, A; Hadingham, T; Cameron, R; Brears, RCBetween 2015 and 2017, the City of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa experienced three lower than average rainfall years. A changing climate has altered the rainfall patterns in the Western Cape, shifting most of Cape Town’s winter rainfall south and offshore. In 2017, this resulted in the lowest rainfall on record since 1945. In May 2017, the Western Cape Government declared the Province a disaster area amidst ever stricter water restrictions imposed on Cape Town’s residents, and in early 2018 National Government declared the drought a national disaster. Cape Town authorities have accepted these potentially replicating drought conditions as the “new normal” and resolved that future planning must strengthen the City’s resilience to the shocks and stresses associated with a changing climate. In July 2017 a focused, multistakeholder, multidisciplinary SDG “Lab” was hosted by the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research to facilitate the co-generation of new ideas to mainstream resilience into urban climate change adaptation and planning. The Lab resulted in a five pathways to enhance planning toward a climate-resilient Cape Town, which included technical and engineering solutions, environmental management approaches, as well as sustainable development and socio-political strategies.Item Recommendations for sustainable post COVID-19 eLearning development in rural schools in South Africa(2023-12) Mthethwa, Siyabonga; Nthatheni, Ronewa G; Maremi, Keneilwe J; Thulare, TumisoPrior to the COVID-19 pandemic, many ICT initiatives were implemented in rural schools across the country to improve teaching and learning. This paper discusses the various factors that contributed to the failure to sustain ICT initiatives. Due to the risk of infection associated with face-to-face contact during the COVID-19 Pandemic, eLearning proved to be the sole means of ensuring educational continuity. The objective of this paper is to highlight factors affecting sustainability and provide recommendations that can assist in ensuring sustainable ICT initiatives in rural schools after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is accomplished by conducting a scoping review to investigate the sustainability of ICT infrastructure to enable eLearning. The following academic databases are used for scoping literature reviews: ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and search engines such as Google. A total of 41 papers out of 800 publications were deemed appropriate for the analysis. The findings show that physical, management, social, and educational conditions all have an impact on the sustainability of ICT initiatives; thus, addressing these components can ensure sustainability.Item A review of intrusion detection techniques in the SDN environment(2021-11) Sebopelo, R; Isong, B; Gasela, N; Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MIDespite the advantages of Software-defined networking (SDN) over the traditional networks, SDN is facing several challenges such as security threats and attacks, dominated by a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks that target the controller. In recent years, the SDN has witnessed several research attentions leading to proposals and the development of countermeasures such as intrusion detection systems (IDS). IDS plays a critical role in detecting and preventing malicious activities on the networks. Several detection techniques have been exploited for the effectiveness of the IDS such as pattern matching, anomaly-based and specification-based. With the nature of SDN architecture, flow-based anomaly detection has been effective and commendable. Therefore, this paper conducted a review of some of the IDS schemes in the SDN environment. It was aimed to identify the solution offers, techniques, challenges and provide research directions. The findings show that IDS in the SDN is an active research area and several techniques exist and are dominated by machine learning (ML) which exploits the network traffic flow to detect abnormal behaviours. Intrusion detection on the SDN is still at large and more ML techniques needs to be explored, considering the critically of the SDN controller.Item Robust edge spread function construction methods to counter poor sample spacing uniformity in the slanted-edge method(2019-06) Van den Bergh, FransThe slanted-edge method describes an algorithm for measuring the spatial frequency response (SFR) of digital imaging systems. The method can be applied to edges oriented at nearly any angle, but there are some angles that cause simplistic implementations of the algorithm to fail, or produce inaccurate measurements. These angle-dependent phenomena are demonstrated to stem from a lack of uniformity in supersample spacing in the edge spread function (ESF). Two well-known slanted-edge implementation variants are adapted to minimize edge orientation dependent errors. These robust slanted-edge implementations are demonstrated yield accurate measurements, regardless of edge orientation angle or moderate image noise.