Book Chapters

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Browsing Book Chapters by browse.metadata.cluster "Manufacturing"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Advances in β-titanium Alloys for Applications in the Biomedical Fields
    (Springer, 2025-01) Bolokang, Amogelang S; Mathabathe, Maria N
    The advances in biocompatibility, structural properties, application and processing techniques of beta (β)-titanium alloys are presented. These alloys are promising future biomedical alloys due to their low modulus of elasticity (MOE), and non-toxic elements. The biocompatibility of these alloys exhibits a low modulus of elastic (MOE) closer to that of human bone ~ 30 GPa. On one hand, the best mechanical properties and performance of the alloys is found in porous materials. Particularly, porous Ti-24Nb, Ti-35Nb and Ti-42Nb alloys exhibit reduced hardness with elastic modulus values of 11, 18.0 and 11.2 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, advanced processes such as additive manufacturing including selective laser manufacturing (SLM) and directed energy deposition (DED) are gaining traction in the manufacturing industry.
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    Characterisation of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V-W–Ni composite
    (Cham: Springer, 2024-11) Mahamood, RM; Akinlabi, S; Jen, TC; Pityana, Sisa L; Omoniyi, P; Arthur, Nana KK; Akinlabi, ET; Da Silva, LFM
    Excellent properties of titanium alloy grade V make this alloy a material of choice in aerospace industry and other industries such as biomedical and medical industries. The most attractive of these properties for the aerospace industry is the high-strength-to-weight ratio. The need for advanced materials that are designed to produce a set of properties that cannot be seen in a single material is constantly needed in various engineering applications. Additive manufacturing (Am) technology is central to achieving this goal because of the possibility of producing any component using the desired material in a single manufacturing run and as a single component no matter the complexity of the part. In this study, the microstructural evolution and mechanical property of Ti6Al4V-W–Ni composite produced through laser metal deposition, an additive manufacturing technology, was investigated. Elemental powder of nickel and tungsten powder were deposited on titanium alloy grade V substrate by varying the laser scanning speed from 0.12 m/mm to 0.48 m/min, while keeping all other processing parameters constant. The effect of scanning speed on the evolved microstructure and microhardness were studied. Functionally gradient microstructures were observed in all the samples with varying microhardness values. As the scanning speed was reduced, high microhardness was observed. All samples produced have higher microhardness values than the substrate material. Samples produced at a scanning speed of 0.3 m/min has the highest average microhardness value of 491.8. This study revealed that AM can be used to produce complex part with designed material properties in a single manufacturing run.
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    Recent Advances in Quantum Biosensing Technologies
    (InTechOpen, 2024-12) Mpofu, Kelvin T; Mthunzi-Kufa, Patience; Karakuş, S
    Recent advances in biosensing technologies have revolutionized the field of biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This chapter reviews cutting-edge developments in quantum sensing and quantum biosensing, with examples including diamond defect sensing and quantum plasmonic biosensing, among other novel methodologies. Diamond defect sensing, leveraging nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, offers unparalleled sensitivity and precision in detecting magnetic and electric fields at the nanoscale. Quantum plasmonic biosensing, combining the unique properties of plasmons and quantum mechanics, enhances sensitivity and specificity, enabling the detection of biomolecules at ultra-low concentrations. Additionally, advancements in other quantum biosensing technologies, such as quantum dot-based sensors and single-photon detection, will be discussed, highlighting their potential applications in real-time, high-resolution biosensing. These innovative approaches promise to significantly improve the accuracy, speed, and versatility of biosensing, paving the way for new diagnostic tools and environmental monitoring solutions. The chapter will delve into the principles behind these technologies, their current applications, and the future directions they may take, providing a comprehensive overview of the transformative impact of quantum biosensing on medical diagnostics and beyond.
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    Recent advances of high entropy alloys: High entropy superalloys
    (IntechOpen, 2021-09) Dada, M; Popoola, P; Adeosun, S; Pityana, Sisa L; Mathe, Ntombizodwa R; Aramide, O; Malatji, N; Lengopeng, T; Ayodeji, A; Kitagawa, J
    This study reviews the recent technological advancements in manufacturing technique; laser surface modification and material; High Entropy Superalloys. High Entropy Superalloys are current potential alternatives to nickel superalloys for gas turbine applications and these superalloys are presented as the most promising material for gas turbine engine applications.
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    Residual stress in laser powder bed fusion
    (Elsevier, 2021-05) Mugwagwa, L; Yadroitsava, I; Makoana, Nkutwane W; Yadroitsev, I; Igor, Yadroitsev, I; Ina Yadroitsava, I; Du Plessis, A; MacDonald, E
    Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has great prospects for biomedical, automotive, aerospace and other high-tech industry sectors due to its manufacturing flexibility and design freedom. However, several factors that include high residual stresses, random porosity and dimensional accuracy can affect the quality of parts and hamper L-PBF progress and widespread industrial applications. Residual stresses are inherent in laser-based processing, and focused studies to control these stresses are topical. Thermal and mechanical post-processing methods, such as stress-relief heat treatment and machining, can relieve residual stresses but cannot reverse in situ stress-induced distortions or cracking. Thus, in situ stress relief remains an attractive option/complement for managing the effect of residual stress on part strength, surface integrity, and dimensional accuracy. Better still, combining in situ and post-processing stress-relief techniques could be a more effective approach to residual stress control. This chapter presents a detailed analysis of the residual stress control techniques that can be applied in L-PBF. Recommendations for effective evaluation and appropriate selection of residual stress management techniques are outlined.