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Building a cyber smart community
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021-09) Dlamini, ZI; Phahlamohlaka, Letlibe J
This chapter shares some methods that could be employed in order to construct and deploy a local cyber smart community in a developing economy, where the notion of smart communities seems to be fitting and significant compared to that of smart cities. Researchers have conducted many studies and communal initiatives in such environments, and the lessons learned and insight gained from these endeavors are provided as examples and inspiration for this chapter. Some of the expected benefits of cyber smart communities include confidence in trading and systems used, resilient and sustainable local businesses and entrepreneurships, and cost savings from optimizing use of resources; improved private, public, and government services and interaction for citizens; better streams of data to improve decision-making; and the opportunity to attract technology-savvy members and businesses within a smart community (Kehoe et al., 2011; Silva et al., 2018; Allen et al., 2020). The rest of this chapter presents cyber smart communities and their significance, then the cyber smart community role players, which is followed by the cyber smart community building approaches. The cyber smart community challenges are discussed before the conclusion of this chapter.
Ground-based surveillance and classification radar for wildlife protection
(2023-11) Berndt, Robert J; Wabeke, Leon O; Van Rensburg, Vanessa; Potgieter, Pieter F; Kloke, Kevin H
Wildlife poaching has become an increasingly large problem over the last decade in southern Africa. There have consequently been worrying declines in rhinoceros population levels. As part of a multi-year effort to investigate and develop technology to aid in the prevention of poaching activities, a C-band phased array radar, with integrated ground target classification capability, has been produced. In a field trial that took place in the Kruger National Park Game Reserve in South Africa, it successfully detected and classified human and animal movement at ranges of up to 10 km. The misclassification rate of humans was less than 7%, and non-human movement, predominantly from animals and vehicles, was incorrectly classified as human 3.8% of the time. This shows that modern radar, without assistance from other sensors, has great potential to contribute towards the preservation of scarce wildlife resources.
A microtasking approach for building smart communities in digital villages
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021-09) Mtshweni, Jabu; Modiba, FS
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have transformed almost every aspect of our lives as citizens, employees, parents, politicians, businesses, leaders, and as members of any type of a community. ICTs have demonstrated across the world the different possibilities on how the technological advancement can influence and transform local communities, governments, and ordinary citizens through increased quality of life, information and education access, and economic opportunities. The Covid-19 pandemic has further enforced the need and impact of technology both in the developed and developing nations. As such, ICTs have also brought forth a period of great change and an equalizer in developed and underdeveloped communities. The new wave of technology has also transformed the digital divide into digital difference, where virtually anyone and anywhere can have access to some form of technology, albeit with its own limitations and access channels. This is a step in the right direction and provides some great impetus when introducing technology for modernizing and transforming local communities.
A microtasking approach for building smart communities in digital villages
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021-09) Mtshweni, Jabu; Modiba, FS
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have transformed almost every aspect of our lives as citizens, employees, parents, politicians, businesses, leaders, and as members of any type of a community. ICTs have demonstrated across the world the different possibilities on how the technological advancement can influence and transform local communities, governments, and ordinary citizens through increased quality of life, information and education access, and economic opportunities. The Covid-19 pandemic has further enforced the need and impact of technology both in the developed and developing nations. As such, ICTs have also brought forth a period of great change and an equalizer in developed and underdeveloped communities. The new wave of technology has also transformed the digital divide into digital difference, where virtually anyone and anywhere can have access to some form of technology, albeit with its own limitations and access channels. This is a step in the right direction and provides some great impetus when introducing technology for modernizing and transforming local communities.
Optical coherence tomography latent fingerprint image denoising
(Springer, 2020-12) Mgaga, Sboniso S; Tapamo, JR; Bebis, G
Latent fingerprints are fingerprint impressions left on the surfaces a finger comes into contact with. They are found in almost every crime scene. Conventionally, latent fingerprints have been obtained using chemicals or physical methods, thus destructive techniques. Forensic community is moving towards contact-less acquisition methods. The contact-less acquisition presents some advantages over destructive methods; such advantages include multiple acquisitions of the sample and a possibility of further analysis such as touch DNA. This work proposes a speckle-noise denoising method for optical coherence tomography (OCT) latent fingerprint images. The proposed denoising technique was derived from the adaptive threshold and the normal shrinkage. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method suppressed specklenoise better than the adaptive threshold, NormalShrink, VisuShrink, SUREShrink and BayesShrink.
A research-anchored e-entrepreneurship empowerment approach to building a smart community
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021-09) Phahlamohlaka, Letlibe J; De Villiers, C
From its inception just over three decades ago, the Siyabuswa Educational Improvement and Development Trust (SEIDET) believed that to achieve its goals, it needed to put research and development at the center of its strategic and operational plans. For this reason, it has collaborated with universities and research institutes in all its programs¿bursaries for its students, career guidance, Seidet students project, UniSchool and ICT introduction, visits by international professors, research, and special projects. It understood that in efforts to respond to ongoing community needs, there will always be unanswered questions that would be of interest to the research community. The research-anchored e-entrepreneurship empowerment approach to the development of smart communities that we propose in this chapter is informed by this belief, understanding, and practice. Drawing from a number of case studies, examples, and projects reported in the literature and comparing these to the lived experiences and lessons from our involvement in Seidet, we argue and illustrate in this chapter that one way to build a smart community is to adopt a research-anchored, e-entrepreneurship empowerment approach. The rest of the chapter is organized as follows. Related work and literature is presented next, followed by some examples used elsewhere on how smart communities could be built. The digital village concept spawned from entrepreneurship training and related ICT interventions is presented next, after which our key argument for a research-anchored e-entrepreneurship empowerment as an approach to development of a smart community is presented. The chapter ends with a concluding discussion.
Structuring abstraction to achieve ontology modularisation
(IGI Global, 2020-12) Dawood, Zubeida C; Keet, CM; Daramola, O
Large and complex ontologies lead to usage difficulties, thereby hampering the ontology developers’ tasks. Ontology modules have been proposed as a possible solution, which is supported by some algorithms and tools. However, the majority of types of modules, including those based on abstraction, still rely on manual methods for modularisation. Toward filling this gap in modularisation techniques, the authors systematised abstractions and selected five types of abstractions relevant for modularisation for which they created novel algorithms, implemented them, and wrapped them in a GUI, called NOMSA, to facilitate their use by ontology developers. The algorithms were evaluated quantitatively by assessing the quality of the generated modules. The quality of a module is measured by comparing it to the benchmark metrics from an existing framework for ontology modularisation. The results show that the module’s quality ranges between average to good, whilst also eliminating manual intervention.
Towards a privacy compliance assessment toolkit
(2023-06) Moabalobelo, Terrence; Ngobeni, Sipho J; Molema, Bokang C; Pantsi, Phumeza N; Dlamini, Thandokuhle M; Nelufule, Nthatheni
The South African Protection of Personal Information (POPI) Act No.4 of 2013 makes it illegal to collect, use, process or store personal information unless it is done in accordance with the prescribed legal and regulatory clauses enriched in the Act. Organizations should take stock of the personal information they collect and who they share it with before they can put controls in place to safeguard it. Failure to comply with POPI Act may potentially expose the responsible party and its associated third parties to steep legal penalties including possibly imprisonment of up to 10 years or R10 million fine which is imposed by the Information Regulator of South Africa. This paper presents the results of a system called Protection of Personal Information Act Compliance Assessment Toolkit (PCAT). The main aim of this system is to assist organisations to assess their current state of compliance to the POPI Act. The PCAT solution followed an experimental research and development process, where three existing similar technologies in the market were analysed and compared to the PCAT. The results of the PCAT shows that it simplifies the POPIA compliance requirements compared to the other three existing technologies. Future work will include development of executive summary report which will make it easier for executive to view the compliance assessment in a high-level format.
Why a smart community?
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021-09) Malinga, Andries L; Phahlamohlaka, Jackie
All over the world, advances in technology have led to many nations into adopting the concept of a smart city in developing their environment. Fewer have considered the smart community notion, yet people all over the world form communities to tackle everyday challenges and to survive. The authors of this chapter believed that a smart community has the potential of transforming the lives of the society through ICT-led initiatives. In this chapter, the authors address the impact and the benefits of a smart community. They draw from their experiences and involvement with Siyabuswa Education Improvement and Development Trust (Seidet) and their collaborations with various stakeholders including academics, research council, local communities and government, in an effort toward the development of a digital village through a smart community development approach (Phahlamohlaka, 2008; Phahlamohlaka et al,. 2014, 2016). To fathom the impact of a smart community, it is befitting to first understand the definition of a smart community as applicable herein. Therefore, this chapter begins with the definition of a smart community, from the perspective of the authors, relative to the smart city, followed by the benefits of a smart community using Seidet as a case study. The authors also highlight aspects of Seidet that are appropriate for championing smart communities, and they briefly discuss future smart communities considerin emerging technologies and global dynamics.

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