Solar ultraviolet radiation in South Africa and sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among South African adults: pilot study results

Abstract

While some sun exposure induces a sense of well-being and synthesis of vitamin D excess sun exposure has been associated with skin cancer, immune suppression and ocular cataracts. In South Africa, approximately 30% of all histologically-diagnosed cancers are skin cancers. The adverse health effects from overexposure to solar UVR are largely considered to be preventable through the use of sun protection strategies, such as using shade and wearing sun protective clothing. To date, no co-ordinated attempt has been made to carry out a large, nationwide survey of South African’s perceptions towards sun exposure behaviour, sunrelated knowledge and attitudes. Comprehensive, local research is essential to fully understand the implications of personal exposure to solar UVR in South Africa. This locally-derived information may then be translated into tailored messages for action and steps the public may take to protect themselves from the harmful effects of excess sun exposure. As a first step to developing a comprehensive South African SunSmart Research Programme, a pilot study of adult sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours was carried out at a large research institute in South Africa to gauge baseline levels of understanding, question interpretation and unravelling of local issues pertaining to sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours that have the potential to influence sun exposure and associated adverse health effects.