Limitations of the gravity technique when investigating a possible ground zero

Abstract

Three possible nuclear test scenarios can be employed: Atmospheric, Marine and Underground. If nuclear tests are performed in the Atmospheric or Marine environments, it is very difficult to hide. Countries that consider doing a secret nuclear test will most probably choose an underground location. The suitability of the underground location will depend on the geology. Hard rock geology with a high density is a prerequisite to perform such tests to contain the explosion. Suitable mafic geology includes basalt (2.55 g/cm3) and granite (2.75 g/cm3). Suitable sedimentary geology includes massive limestone (2.65 g/cm3) and sandstone (2.3 g/cm3).