dc.contributor.author |
Shingwenyana, Rhulani K
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Shabalala, AN
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Mbhele, Nkhangweleni R
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Masindi, Vhahangwele
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2022-03-07T07:08:20Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2022-03-07T07:08:20Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2021-11 |
|
dc.identifier.citation |
Shingwenyana, R.K., Shabalala, A., Mbhele, N.R. & Masindi, V. 2021. Techno-economic analysis of the reclamation of drinking water and valuable minerals from acid mine drainage. <i>Minerals, 11(12).</i> http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12303 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
2075-163X |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121352
|
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12303
|
|
dc.description.abstract |
The concept of circular economy in wastewater treatment has recently attracted immense interest and this is primarily fueled by the ever-growing interest to minimise ecological footprints of mining activities and metallurgical processes. In light of that, countries such as the Republic of South Africa, China, Australia, and the United States are at the forefront of water pollution due to the generation of notorious acid mine drainage (AMD). The disposal of AMD to different receiving environments constitutes a severe threat to the receiving ecosystem thus calling for prudent intervention to redress the prevailing challenges. Recent research emphasises the employment of wastewater treatment, beneficiation and valorisation. Herein, the techno-economic evaluation of the reclamation of clean water and valuable minerals from AMD using the Magnesite Softening and Reverse Osmosis (MASRO) process was reported. The total capital expenditure (CAPEX) for the plant is ZAR 452,000 (USD 31,103.22) which includes ZAR 110,000 (USD 7569.37) for civil works on a plant area of 100 m2. The operational expenditure (OPEX) for the pilot is 16,550,000 ZAR (South African Rand) or USD 1,138,845.72 in present value terms (10 years plant life). The plant reclaimed drinking water as specified in different water quality standards, guidelines, and specifications, including Fe-based minerals (goethite, magnetite, and hematite), Mg-gypsum, and calcium carbonate. These minerals were verified using state-of-the-art analytical equipment. The recovered valuables will be sold at ZAR 368/kL (USD 25.32), ZAR 1100/t (USD 75.69), and ZAR 2000/t (USD 137.62) for water, gypsum, and limestone, respectively. The project has an NPV of ZAR 60,000 (USD 4128.75) at an IRR of 26%. The payback period for this investment will take 3 years. The total power consumption per day was recorded to be 146.6 kWh, and 103,288 kWh/annum. In conclusion, findings of this work will significantly contribute to improving the sustainability of the mining sector by proposing economically feasible solutions for wastewater streams treatment, beneficiation, and valorisation. |
en_US |
dc.format |
Fulltext |
en_US |
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.relation.uri |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/12/1352 |
en_US |
dc.source |
Minerals, 11(12) |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Acid mine drainage |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Circular economy |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Valuable minerals recovery |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Techno-economic analysis |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Valorisation |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Wastewater treatment |
en_US |
dc.title |
Techno-economic analysis of the reclamation of drinking water and valuable minerals from acid mine drainage |
en_US |
dc.type |
Article |
en_US |
dc.description.pages |
17 |
en_US |
dc.description.note |
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
en_US |
dc.description.cluster |
Smart Places |
en_US |
dc.description.impactarea |
Water and Waste Management |
en_US |
dc.identifier.apacitation |
Shingwenyana, R. K., Shabalala, A., Mbhele, N. R., & Masindi, V. (2021). Techno-economic analysis of the reclamation of drinking water and valuable minerals from acid mine drainage. <i>Minerals, 11(12)</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12303 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.chicagocitation |
Shingwenyana, Rhulani K, AN Shabalala, Nkhangweleni R Mbhele, and Vhahangwele Masindi "Techno-economic analysis of the reclamation of drinking water and valuable minerals from acid mine drainage." <i>Minerals, 11(12)</i> (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12303 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.vancouvercitation |
Shingwenyana RK, Shabalala A, Mbhele NR, Masindi V. Techno-economic analysis of the reclamation of drinking water and valuable minerals from acid mine drainage. Minerals, 11(12). 2021; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12303. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.ris |
TY - Article
AU - Shingwenyana, Rhulani K
AU - Shabalala, AN
AU - Mbhele, Nkhangweleni R
AU - Masindi, Vhahangwele
AB - The concept of circular economy in wastewater treatment has recently attracted immense interest and this is primarily fueled by the ever-growing interest to minimise ecological footprints of mining activities and metallurgical processes. In light of that, countries such as the Republic of South Africa, China, Australia, and the United States are at the forefront of water pollution due to the generation of notorious acid mine drainage (AMD). The disposal of AMD to different receiving environments constitutes a severe threat to the receiving ecosystem thus calling for prudent intervention to redress the prevailing challenges. Recent research emphasises the employment of wastewater treatment, beneficiation and valorisation. Herein, the techno-economic evaluation of the reclamation of clean water and valuable minerals from AMD using the Magnesite Softening and Reverse Osmosis (MASRO) process was reported. The total capital expenditure (CAPEX) for the plant is ZAR 452,000 (USD 31,103.22) which includes ZAR 110,000 (USD 7569.37) for civil works on a plant area of 100 m2. The operational expenditure (OPEX) for the pilot is 16,550,000 ZAR (South African Rand) or USD 1,138,845.72 in present value terms (10 years plant life). The plant reclaimed drinking water as specified in different water quality standards, guidelines, and specifications, including Fe-based minerals (goethite, magnetite, and hematite), Mg-gypsum, and calcium carbonate. These minerals were verified using state-of-the-art analytical equipment. The recovered valuables will be sold at ZAR 368/kL (USD 25.32), ZAR 1100/t (USD 75.69), and ZAR 2000/t (USD 137.62) for water, gypsum, and limestone, respectively. The project has an NPV of ZAR 60,000 (USD 4128.75) at an IRR of 26%. The payback period for this investment will take 3 years. The total power consumption per day was recorded to be 146.6 kWh, and 103,288 kWh/annum. In conclusion, findings of this work will significantly contribute to improving the sustainability of the mining sector by proposing economically feasible solutions for wastewater streams treatment, beneficiation, and valorisation.
DA - 2021-11
DB - ResearchSpace
DP - CSIR
J1 - Minerals, 11(12)
KW - Acid mine drainage
KW - Circular economy
KW - Valuable minerals recovery
KW - Techno-economic analysis
KW - Valorisation
KW - Wastewater treatment
LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za
PY - 2021
SM - 2075-163X
T1 - Techno-economic analysis of the reclamation of drinking water and valuable minerals from acid mine drainage
TI - Techno-economic analysis of the reclamation of drinking water and valuable minerals from acid mine drainage
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12303
ER - |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.worklist |
25420 |
en_US |