Author:Forbes, PBC; Garland, Rebecca MDate:Jul 2016This chapter focuses on the air pollutants which are generally found in the troposphere and does not provide detail on specific areas where atmospheric pollutants and atmospheric chemistry may differ from that generally found, such as in the ...Read more
Author:Coelho, ST; Recalde, MY; Mani, SK; Stafford, William HLDate:Jan 2020This chapter presents a general overview of each region where the selected developing countries (Latin America, Africa, and Asia) are located. It includes socioeconomic figures, such as energy access, share of urban and rural population, and ...Read more
Author:Sebake, Thandi NDate:Feb 2009Since the detrimental affects of construction practices on the natural environment were highlighted, the performance of the buildings has become a major concern for occupants and built environment professionals (Crawley and Aho, 1999; Ding, ...Read more
Author:Chinnasamy, S; Maharajh, Dheepak M; Rajendran, L; Bhaskar, S; Ratha, SK; Rengasamy, RDate:Mar 2015Microalgae are fast becoming a favoured feedstock for the production of advanced biofuels including biodiesel, biocrude, bioethanol, biomethane, green diesel and biojet fuels. Algae for their growth require sunlight, COfrom waste streams, ...Read more
Author:Modibedi, Remegia M; Ozoemena, KI; Mathe, Mahlanyane KDate:2013Direct alcohol alkaline fuel cells (DAAFCs) are potential power sources for a variety of portable applications as they provide unique advantages over hydrogen-based fuel cell devices. Alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and ...Read more
Author:Coetzee, Serena; Cooper, Antony K; Rautenbach, VDate:2014The first part of this chapter provides background information on geo-spatial standardization. A standard and different types of standards are defined; the development and implementation of standards are described; and key standards bodies ...Read more
Author:Kumirai, T; Grobler, Jan-Hendrik; Conradie, Dirk CUDate:Aug 2015Trombe walls and solar chimneys are not widely used or well known in South Africa. A previous Green Building Handbook article described the University of Fort Hare teaching complex in East London (Stratford, 2012) that inter alia used a trombe ...Read more
Author:Dlamini, Mandla N; Alexander, MDate:Jan 2024Geopolymer cements are an emerging alternative binder to Portland cements, characterised by an alumino-silicate polymer network nanostructure. These binders are purported to possess numerous beneficial properties such as acid resistance and ...Read more
Author:Conradie, Dirk CUDate:Mar 2014This chapter quantifies the thermal performance of a cross section of Innovative Building Technologies (IBT) in South Africa's climatic zones. An IBT in the context of this chapter means a South African Agrément certified building system, but ...Read more
Author:Herselman, Martha E; Botha, Adèle; Fogwill, Thomas; Alberts, RonellDate:Dec 2016This part deals with the last phase of the DSRM process. It is essential to understand the limitations of the transfer of Finnish or European experience and technical solutions to South Africa. The specification and definition of potential ...Read more
Author:Kumirai, TichaonaDate:Oct 2016Due to South Africa’s energy crisis and global climate change challenges, there is currently a major drive towards the use of renewable energy sources, and energy efficient and conservation interventions to ensure energy security for the ...Read more
Author:Van Schoor, Michael; Mare, LDate:Jan 2015This chapter explains why geophysicists usually want to know as much as possible
about the physical properties of the different lithological units in an area before
embarking on a geophysical survey. We also highlight some of the common ...Read more
Author:Moraal, H; Britton, D; Derry, T; Forbes, A; Grayson, D; Mullins, S; Scholtz, F; Sefako, RDate:2009The chapter is about physics and astronomy. The chapter gives a background about the origins of physics in South Africa. After the CSIR was founded in 1945, physics emerged as a nationwide and unified discipline. The authors show how physics ...Read more
Author:Khati, M; Millroy, LDate:Mar 2012Point mutations within the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) genome confer resistance to antiretroviral drugs. The mutations also help the virus to evade the immune system response and influence transmission and progression of the ...Read more
Author:Nhemachena, C; Chakwizira, J; Mashiri, M; Dube, SDate:2011This study crafts a policy framework for sustainable utilisation of farmland for the Waterberg District Municipality in South Africa. The district, being predominantly agricultural and rural, faces contention in terms of land allocation for ...Read more
Author:Meissner, Richard; Funke, Nicola SDate:Sep 2014South Africa is a water-scarce country, a fact aggravated by climate change and international obligations to neighbouring countries with shared watercourses (Claassen 2010). Some of the political, social and economic pressures facing South ...Read more