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Browsing by Author "Gush, Mark B"

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Are sap flow measurements useful for determining water use of fruit orchards, when absolute values are important?

Author: Taylor, NJ ; Ibraimo, NA ; Annandale, JG ; Everson, CS ; Vahrmeijer, JT ; Gush, Mark B Date: Jun 2013 The determination of accurate figures for orchard water use is critical for improved irrigation scheduling and for the issuing of water licenses. Under- or over estimations can have serious implications for production and water resources in ... Read more
Are simple empirical crop coefficient approaches for determining pecan water use readily transferrable across a wide range of conditions?

Author: Taylor, NJ ; Annandale, JG ; Ibraimo, NA ; Steyn, JM ; Gush, Mark B Date: Feb 2017 planning. However, it is impossible to measure ET under all possible combinations of climate and management practices, which necessitates the use of ET models. Although empirical models are more likely to be adopted by consultants and growers, ... Read more
Assessing hydrological impacts of tree-based bioenergy feedstock

Author: Gush, Mark B Date: 2010 This chapter provides a methodology for assessing the hydrological impacts of tree-based bioenergy feedstock. Based on experience gained in South Africa, it discusses the tasks required to reach an understanding of the likely water resource ... Read more
Characterising the water use and hydraulic properties of riparian tree invasions: A case study of Populus canescens in South Africa

Author: Ntshidi, Zanele ; Gush, Mark B ; Dzikiti, Sebinasi ; Le Maitre, David C Date: Apr 2018 Invasive alien plants (IAPs) pose a serious threat to the already limited water resources in dry countries like South Africa which are facing increasing water shortages. Much of South Africa is expected to get drier in future due to climate ... Read more
Citrus water use in South Africa

Author: Vahrmeijer, JT ; Annandale, JG ; Gush, Mark B ; Taylor, NJ Date: Sep 2012 Agriculture, as the largest user of fresh water worldwide, is under close scrutiny to justify its use of water due to the increase in competition from a number of end-users. Apart from on-farm measures to increase water use efficiency, ... Read more
Climate-forest-water-people relations: Seven system delineations

Author: van Noordwijk, M ; Creed, IF ; Jones, JA ; Wei, XA ; Gush, Mark B ; Blanco, JA ; Sullivan, CA ; Bishop, K ; Murdiyarso, D ; Claassen, Marius Date: Jul 2018 In this chapter, we review current scientific understanding and hypotheses at seven system delineations that build up from the level of a `tree' interacting with water, to that of a social-ecological system at the scale of landscapes. Read more
Comparing the usefulness and applicability of different water footprint methodologies for sustainable water

Author: Le Roux, B ; Van der Laan, M ; Gush, Mark B ; Bristow, KL Date: Sep 2018 The lack of sustainability of our water resources threatens food security in many places worldwide. Different water footprint (WF) methodologies were investigated for their ability to improve water management at various scales. Methodologies ... Read more
A comparison of productive and non-productive green water-use efficiency of Podocarpus henkelii and Pinus patula in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands

Author: Bulcock, HH ; Gush, Mark B ; Jewitt, GPW Date: Apr 2014 A number of studies undertaken in South Africa to quantify the green water-use (total evaporation) of introduced commercial forestry species have shown conclusively that green water-use from commercial forest plantations is substantially ... Read more
Comparison of the biophysical and economic water-use efficiencies of indigenous and introduced forests in South Africa

Author: Wise RM ; Dye PJ ; Gush, Mark B Date: Jun 2011 Water resources in many catchments in South Africa (SA) are over committed and water is projected to become scarcer. The impacts of plantation forestry on water resources in SA are well known and legislation limits further afforestation. ... Read more
Comparison of water-use by alien invasive pine trees growing in riparian and non-riparian zones in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

Author: Dzikiti, Sebinasi ; Schachtschneider, K ; Naiken, V ; Gush, Mark B ; Le Maitre, David C Date: Apr 2013 Self-established stands of alien invasive pine trees are common in many parts of South Africa and elsewhere. They mainly invade non-riparian settings but sometimes invade riparian habitats. There are clear visual differences in the physical ... Read more
Crop coefficient approaches based on fixed estimates of leaf resistance are not appropriate for estimating water use of citrus

Author: Taylor, NJ ; Mahohoma, W ; Vahrmeijer, JT ; Gush, Mark B ; Allen, RG ; Annandale, JG Date: 01 Mar 2015 The estimation of crop water use is critical for accurate irrigation scheduling and water licenses. However, the direct measurement of crop water use is too expensive and time-consuming to be performed under all possible conditions, which ... Read more
Determinants of the forest-water relationship

Author: McNulty, SG ; Archer, Emma RM ; Gush, Mark B ; Van Noordwijk, M ; Ellison, D ; Blanco, JA ; Xu, J ; Bishop, K ; Wei, XA ; Vira, B Date: Jul 2018 Our analysis of forest-water relations addresses four important subsystems of a linked planetary social-ecological system: climate, forests, water and people. In this chapter, we consider how each of these subsystems is changing (trend) and ... Read more
Ecological impacts of biomass production at stand and landscape levels

Author: Du Toit, B ; Gush, Mark B ; Pryke, JS ; Samways, MJ ; Dovey, SB Date: Sep 2014 In Chapters 4, 5 and 6 of this book, the authors discussed the production and procurement of biomass from various sources, including extensively managed systems such as woodlands, and much more intensively managed systems such as short-rotation ... Read more
Estimating the water requirements of high yielding and young apple orchards in the winter rainfall areas of South Africa using a dual source evapotranspiration model

Author: Dzikiti, Sebinasi ; Volschenk, T ; Midgley, SJ ; Lötze, E ; Taylor, NJ ; Gush, Mark B ; Ntshidi, Zanele ; Zirebwa, SF ; Schmeisser, M ; Jarmain, C ; Steyn, WJ ; Pienaar, Harrison H Date: Jun 2018 Exceptionally high yielding (> 100 t ha-(sup1)) apple orchards (Malus domestica Borkh.) are becoming common in South Africa and elsewhere in the world. However, no accurate quantitative information currently exists on the water requirements ... Read more
Estimating water use of mature pecan orchards: A six stage crop growth curve approach

Author: Ibraimo, NA ; Taylor, NJ ; Steyn, JM ; Gush, Mark B ; Annandale, JG Date: Nov 2016 Mature pecans use large quantities of water and therefore the accurate estimation of water use or evapotranspiration (ET) of pecan orchards is critical for judicious irrigation water management and planning. Measuring ET under all possible ... Read more
A field assessment of the agronomic performance and water use of Jatropha curcas in South Africa

Author: Everson, CS ; Mengistu, MG ; Gush, Mark B Date: Dec 2012 Global attention on biofuels and the potential for Jatropha curcas to produce biodiesel from marginal land with low inputs has recently created world-wide interest in this species. This paper reports on the water dynamics and productivity of ... Read more
Field quantification of the water footprint of an apple orchard, and extrapolation to watershed scale within a winter rainfall Mediterranean climate zone

Author: Gush, Mark B ; Dzikiti, Sebinasi ; Van der Laan, M ; Steyn, Maronel ; Manamathela, S ; Pienaar, Harrison H Date: Jun 2019 Field scale quantifications of the water footprints (WF) of crops, based on actual measurements, provide valuable and detailed information for on-farm water use management. However, watershed-based WF assessments are more appropriate for ... Read more
Forest landscape hydrology in a ‘New Normal’ era of climate and land use change

Author: Jones, JA ; Wei, XA ; Van Noordwijk, M ; Creed, IF ; Gush, Mark B ; Ellison, B ; Blanco, JA ; Bishop, K ; McNulty, SG ; Archer, Emma RM Date: Jul 2018 This chapter aims to clarify the effects that changing climate and quantity, quality and pattern of tree cover in forests have on the way water becomes available for human use and ecosystem integrity. To do this, the chapter synthesises current ... Read more
Forest management and water in the Republic of South Africa

Author: Scott, DF ; Gush, Mark B Date: Apr 2017 South Africa is a semi-arid country with a very limited area of natural forest. The early colonial governments encouraged the establishment of plantations to supply wood for local uses, and South Africa consequently has a long history of ... Read more
Impacts of afforestation on low flows: Paired catchment data revisited

Author: Blight, JJ ; Gush, Mark B ; Le Maitre, David C ; Jewitt, GPW Date: Sep 2005 Disruption of the hydrological regime caused by afforestation is well documented. Several sets of experimental catchments were set up in South Africa between 1935 and 1980 specifically to quantify such impacts. Data emanating from these ... Read more

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